Growing in Zone 3-4: Short Season Guide
Zones 3–4 have 90–120 frost-free days. Focus on fast-maturing varieties, start seeds indoors, and use season extension. Root vegetables and brassicas thrive.
Short seasons require strategy. Every day counts.
The Season
| Factor | Zone 3 | Zone 4 |
|---|---|---|
| Last frost | Late May-June | Mid-May |
| First frost | September | Late September |
| Frost-free days | 90-100 | 100-120 |
Best Crops
Direct sow (fast):
- Radishes (25 days)
- Lettuce (45-60)
- Spinach (40-50)
- Kale (55-65)
- Peas (60-70)
Start indoors:
- Tomatoes (start 8 weeks before)
- Peppers (start 10 weeks before)
- Broccoli (start 6 weeks before)
- Kale (start 4 weeks before)
Season Extension
- Row covers: 2-4°F
- Cold frames: 10-20°F
- Black plastic mulch: Warms soil 5-10°F
- Wall of water: Protects individual plants
Common Questions
What’s the best crop for short seasons? Radishes. 25 days.
Can I grow tomatoes? Yes. Start indoors 8 weeks before last frost. Choose fast varieties.
What about peppers? Tricky. Start 10 weeks before. Use black plastic.
When do I start seeds indoors? 6-10 weeks before last frost, depending on crop.
Can I grow year-round? Only with a greenhouse or cold frame.
What about perennials? Choose zone 3-4 hardy varieties.